Troubleshooting Software Updates in Configuration Manager can be a difficult process, however we have a new guide available that walk you through the entire process from beginning to end. It covers client software update scanning, synchronization issues and detection problems with specific updates as well as everything in between. The information in the guide applies to System Center 2012 Configuration Manager (ConfigMgr 2012), System Center 2012 R2 Configuration Manager (ConfigMgr 2012 R2) and all versions of Configuration Manager in the current branch (e.g. Configuration Manager 1511 and Configuration Manager 1602) so it should cover just about any version you might be running.
To get more details about the new guide, please see the following:
Software Update Management Troubleshooting in Configuration Manager
J.C. Hornbeck, Solution Asset PM
Microsoft Enterprise Cloud Group